Understanding the difference between a safe parent and a self-focused one. One of the most overlooked realities in custody cases is this: courts are not always equipped to recognize emotional and psychological harm as it is happening. The system is designed to respond to what is visible, concrete, and easily proven.But many of the most harmful dynamics in co-parenting are subtle, patterned, and internal to the child’s experience. This is where the distinction between a truly

A narcissistic parent has an inflated sense of self-importance that requires constant admiration and attention from others, including...